• br Discussion Here we show opposing effects of

  2024-03-08

  

  Discussion Here, we show opposing effects of iontophoretically administered phenylephrine,aselective α1-AR agonist, on firing of putatively DAergic and non-DAergic neurons recorded in vivo in the VTA of urethane anaesthetized rats. Phenylephrine application caused a relatively weak decrease in fi

• phosphodiesterase inhibitors To examine whether the interact

  2024-03-08

  

  To examine whether the interaction between mGlu7 and α1-adrenergic receptors could be confirmed at a behavioural level, we performed the FST in mice. This test has value in predicting the antidepressant-like effect of drugs or environmental manipulations (Krishnan and Nestler, 2008, Krishnan and Nes

• In fact serotonin is a major modulator

  2024-03-08

  

  In fact, serotonin is a major modulator of dopaminergic (DA) neuronal activity through the 5-HT2C receptor. Studies have shown that the selective 5-HT2C receptor agonist Ro60-0175 blocks the burst-firing of mesolimbic DA neurons, which project from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus acc

• The overall adjustment the non toxicity and the addiction fr

  2024-03-08

  

  The overall adjustment, the non-toxicity and the addiction-free treatment methods are the advantages of EA. EA treatment for depression has achieved great clinical effect in recent years (Dong et al., 2017). The clinical practice guideline of the American college of physicians (ACP) have pointed out

• As an alternative to chronic receptor blockade we

  2024-03-08

  

  As an alternative to chronic receptor blockade, we have been targeting adenosine kinase (ADK) – an astrocyte-based enzyme that catalyses the phosphorylation of adenosine, as a means to modify BADGE adenosinergic signalling (Boison, 2006, Etherington et al., 2009). Up-regulating ADK facilitates the

• During myeloid cell maturation expression of LO mRNA and

  2024-03-08

  

  During myeloid cell maturation, expression of 5-LO mRNA and protein is strongly induced (60–130-fold) by calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D3) and transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) [6,7]. The upregulation of 5-LO mRNA transcription is mainly due to transcript elongation and mRNA maturation [8,9]. Interestingly

• Although experiments on animals and cells indicate that anti

  2024-03-08

  

  Although experiments on animals and cells indicate that antioxidant and free radical scavenging agents have protective effects against brain damage, the results of preclinical trials are not as encouraging. Edaravone is a type of free radical scavenging drug that was first used as a neuroprotective

• Enhanced arginase activity and the

  2024-03-08

  

  Enhanced arginase activity and the resultant decreases in L-arginine levels can also impair T cell mediated immune function and allow tumor growth by limiting the supply of L-arginine needed for the formation of cytotoxic levels of NO by iNOS [10]. Increased arginase expression/activity may also lim

• In this study we first determined whether AIF in bovine

  2024-03-08

  

  In this study, we first determined whether AIF in bovine LT muscle is expressed and the mitochondria released AIF-mediated apoptosis during postmortem aging. For apoptotic issues, the mitochondrial outer membrane is permeabilized, and AIF translocates to the cytosol and to the nucleus, where it indu

• br Conclusion br Acknowledgement This study was supported by

  2024-03-07

  

  Conclusion Acknowledgement This study was supported by NIH/NINDSR01 NS036812-16. Introduction Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are a heterogeneous family of enzymes that catalyze the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). By oxidizing free PUFAs, they were shown to contribute to the gene

• It is worth mentioning that cordycepin as an

  2024-03-07

  

  It is worth mentioning that cordycepin, as an adenosine analogue, is structurally similar to adenosine. A previous study has shown that the anti-apoptotic effects of cordycepin are partially dependent on the activation of A1R [16], and cordycepin increases theta waves power density via nonspecific a

• br Acknowledgements This work was supported by Conselho

  2024-03-07

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS) FINEP research grant “Rede Instituto Brasil

• br Introduction Myasthenia gravis MG is an autoimmune diseas

  2024-03-07

  

  Introduction Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease characterised by failure of transmission at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). In 80–85% of myasthenia gravis patients, the disease is mediated by antibodies to the nicotinic PEG Virus Precipitation Kit receptor (AChR; (Lindstrom et al.

• Even within the context of

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  Even within the context of evidence-based interventions for tobacco screening, the science is imperfect. For example, patients who screen positive for current smoking should receive cessation counseling and prescribed known effective nicotine replacement therapy based on the Public Health Services G

• br Funding br Introduction l Dihydroxyphenylalanine l

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  Funding Introduction l-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) is the gold-standard treatment for the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD); however, its chronic use induces severe motor complications that eventually limit its long-term efficacy (Bastide et al., 2015). The most disabling side

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