• One class of microbial derived metabolites that have receive

  2021-11-17

  

  One class of microbial-derived metabolites that have received significant attention are the short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which include butyrate, acetate and propionate. The production of SCFA occurs in the colon following microbial fermentation of dietary fibers and SCFA can also be consumed in c

• br Acknowledgement The authors are grateful for

  2021-11-17

  

  Acknowledgement The authors are grateful for financial support provided from specific university research (MSMT No 21-SVV/2018). Introduction Several recent studies have demonstrated that planaria, flatworms notable for their regenerative capabilities, can develop conditioned place preference

• br Acknowledgement The work was supported by the NSFC

  2021-11-17

  

  6. Acknowledgement The work was supported by the NSFC through Grant Nos. 11535016 and 11475232. It was also supported by CAS. The authors thank their collaborators for beneficial discussions and enthusiastic supports in the simulations and calculations. Introduction Hypoxia-inducible factors

• Aberrant expression of HKII may be a required feature for

  2021-11-17

  

  Aberrant expression of HKII may be a required feature for cancer development and progression. Overexpression of HKII has been reported in tumor tissues of cancer patients with liver [9], ovary [8], [24] and larynx [25]. The clinical significance of HKII in cancer was noted as overexpression of HKII

• So studies are currently in progress

  2021-11-17

  

  So, studies are currently in progress to design drugs which could inhibit the main crosstalk components between interacting key pathways (Fig. 1). Wnt The Wnt family consists of 19 highly conserved glycoproteins serving as ligands which bind to the G-protein coupled 7-pass transmembrane receptor

• The Hedgehog signaling pathway HH pathway hereafter

  2021-11-17

  

  The Hedgehog signaling pathway (HH pathway hereafter) is vital for development and tissue homeostasis. [4] In recent years, studying the role of the HH pathway in carcinogenesis and cancer stemness has highlighted the HH inhibitors as putative cancer therapeutics [5]. However, clinical application o

• 3CAI The ER is responsible for calcium storage lipid

  2021-11-16

  

  The ER is responsible for calcium storage, lipid and protein biosynthesis, and the folding, assembly, and maturation of proteins [23], and ER stress is one of the main causes in T2DM, which leads to β-cell apoptosis and dysfunction [[5], [6], [7]]. In this study, TG was used as an ER stress inducer.

• Little is known about the endocrinological control of reprod

  2021-11-16

  

  Little is known about the endocrinological control of reproduction in polychaetes. In vertebrates, gonadal maturation is regulated by the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis. GnRH, GTHs, and steroid hormones are involved in this axis (see Okubo and Nagahama, 2008). In two polychaete species, Perinere

• br Acknowledgements This work was supported by Slovak Academ

  2021-11-16

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported by Slovak Academy of Sciences grants VEGA 2/0052/10 and 2/0045/10. Both clinical observations and preclinical studies suggest that hypofunction of -methyl--aspartate (NMDA) receptor is implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Thus, therapeuti

• The aim of our study was to investigate the polymorphisms

  2021-11-16

  

  The aim of our study was to investigate the polymorphisms of RAGE and glyoxalase I gene and sRAGE serum levels in patients with pathological pregnancy trying to describe the genetic background of pathological pregnancy or to find a new biochemical marker (sRAGE) of these pathological states in pregn

• After brain injury adenosine levels rapidly increase in the

  2021-11-16

  

  After brain injury, adenosine levels rapidly increase in the brain [9,10]. As shown in our previous studies, the increased adenosine concentration acts on adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs), increasing post-traumatic glutamate levels in the brain and exacerbating the severity of injuries [11,12]. Accor

• Ionotropic glutamate receptors GluRs are ligand

  2021-11-16

  

  Ionotropic glutamate receptors (GluRs) are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate information processing at the majority of excitatory synapses in the brain and participate in such physiological processes as learning and memory, development and maintenance of cellular connections, and pain perceptio

• In the present study a significant increase

  2021-11-16

  

  In the present study, a significant increase in liver glut4 mRNA levels as well as an increase in liver glycogen content was observed in the dogfish in response to glucose-loading, although we did not observe any changes in liver glycogen content or glut mRNA levels following insulin administration

• Moreover we examined inhibition of GLI

  2021-11-16

  

  Moreover, we examined inhibition of GLI-mediated mRNA expression by 1. Colubrinic (+)- Corydaline (1) inhibited the mRNA production of PTCH in PANC1 cells in the dose-dependent manner. This result clearly shows 1 inhibits GLI-mediated transcription (Fig. 6). Discussion In this study, we identif

• In mammals a major physiological role of the GHSR gene

  2021-11-16

  

  In mammals, a major physiological role of the GHSR gene appears to be in regulating food intake and energy homeostasis by partaking in the neuronal mechanisms involving neuropeptide Y and agouti-related protein (Nakazato et al., 2001, Chen et al., 2017). In our study, determination of the abundance

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