• Our current knowledge on autophagy broadly differentiates it

  2025-01-23

  

  Our current knowledge on autophagy broadly differentiates it into three types: macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Macroautophagy mainly involves the sequestration of cytoplasmic contents in a double-walled membrane followed by the fusion with the lysosomes. The lysosom

• br Concluding Remarks and Future Directions

  2025-01-23

  

  Concluding Remarks and Future Directions The physiological significance of autophagy in neuronal function is steadily emerging. The studies discussed herein reveal that key neuronal functions, such as neurotransmitter release, pruning of dendritic spines, and behavioural outputs of neural network

• br Acknowledgment br Introduction The

  2025-01-23

  

  Acknowledgment Introduction The yeast Cdc48 ATPase and its metazoan ortholog p97 (or VCP) are critical components of many ubiquitin-dependent cellular pathways that require the segregation of individual proteins from binding partners or membranes (for review, see Buchberger, 2013, Meyer and We

• br Experimental section br Competing interests br Author

  2025-01-23

  

  Experimental section Competing interests Author's contributions Acknowledgement This research is partially supported by a seed fund for the Center for Drug Discovery and Translational Research (LS) and a research grant by Fujifilm (VPS and LS). The Sponsors played no roles in study desig

• Recent progress has been made

  2025-01-23

  

  Recent progress has been made in translating animal findings on memory performance and amnestic effects – that are largely determined by tonically active receptors in which α5 contributes to the benzodiazepine binding site. Based on the observation that deletion of this subunit led to improved spati

• TCF/β-catenin interaction disruptor Since the beginning of s

  2025-01-23

  

  Since the beginning of 1990s, more than 17,000 papers about physiological relevance of antioxidants have been published according to data from web of science. Based on the available literature, it seems that assessing the antioxidant potential of food by means of in vitro assays or solely epidemiolo

• During the course of angiogenesis

  2025-01-23

  

  During the course of angiogenesis, the overactivated angiogenic stimulators are responsible for carrying out abnormal proliferation in the retinal microvasculature, resulting in the formation of various immature blood vessels. These newly formed blood vessels become the prime spots for leakage of th

• Recently different kinds of A aggregation inhibitors have be

  2025-01-23

  

  Recently, different kinds of Aβ aggregation inhibitors have been reported, including small molecules [8], peptides [9], and nanoparticles (NPs) [10]. The working mechanisms of the inhibitors are mostly to bind or adsorb Aβ molecules and to affect the conformational changes followed by blocking the a

• Sixth significant progress has been made during

  2025-01-23

  

  Sixth, significant progress has been made during the last few years regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the activation of AMPK and this should aid to develop more potent and specific compounds. Information from crystallographic structures combined with computer-based drug design hold promi

• br Experimental section br Introduction NMDA receptor induce

  2025-01-23

  

  Experimental section Introduction NMDA receptor-induced increases in AMPAR trafficking to the synaptic surface mediates changes in synaptic efficacy in a number of Cetrorelix regions (Shi et al., 1999, Sun et al., 2005, Frenkel et al., 2006). While this process has been linked to the regulate

• Alectinib is a second generation ALK antagonist that

  2025-01-23

  

  Alectinib is a second generation ALK antagonist that is built upon a 9-ethyl-6, 6-dimethyl-11-oxo benzo[b]carbazole scaffold (Fig. 5C) [58]. This drug is effective against the ALK L1196M gatekeeper mutation along with C1156Y and F1174L mutations [7]. The 11-oxo group of the drug forms a GLP-2 (rat)

• The mechanisms that control Ahr transcription are poorly und

  2025-01-23

  

  The mechanisms that control Ahr transcription are poorly understood, especially when considering cell type-specific regulation. A recent report suggested that the Ahr transcription might be directly promoted by RORγt [retinoic Rac1 inhibitor receptor (RAR)-related orphan receptor γt] based on ChIP-

• The cavity volume of the binding pocket may

  2025-01-23

  

  The cavity volume of the binding pocket may differ not only between species but also among various AhR/ARNT isoforms within a single species. It is noteworthy that even a single amino Uridine derivative substitution within a binding pocket may result in a change in the cavity volume. This, in turn,

• While HTPCs are not immune cells they produce IL MCP

  2025-01-22

  

  While HTPCs are not immune cells, they produce IL-6, MCP-1 and other immunologically relevant factors (Mayer et al., 2016). Our results demonstrated that epinephrine and phenylephrine increased the mRNA expression levels of COX-2, IL-6 and MCP-1 in HTPCs without affecting the mRNA expression level o

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction Within

  2025-01-22

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Within the classical secretory pathway, transmembrane and soluble cargos travel via the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus en route to their final destinations [1]. However, at a post-Golgi level, trafficking routes can diverge. In this context, the tra

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